The indigenous peoples of America have been exploited for five centuries when the Spanish arrived in what they considered the new world. A world to exploit and subdue. Despite the so-called independence the indigenous people they found in the new National States in claiming their rights as a people, but were subjected to all sorts of abuses such as the abolition of their reserves, their political invisibility, cultural denial due to a systemic racism and murder of many communities, especially in Chile and Argentina.
The Indian struggle begins with the "self-recognition as a group with their own cultural patterns, which have their own way of life that distinguishes them from others, this is what is known as ethnic identities ¨. However, ethnicity should not be confused with nation as the "ethnic identity encompasses a phenomenon restricted to certain groups constituting a particular social class or, at most, to an entire social class," while the nation "involves a complex structure of social classes in reciprocal relations are asymmetric, however, common ground for solidarity on the basis of which they develop a particular form of identity (known as a nationality). "
Ethnic self-identification as underlies indigenous communities to demand to be accepted as a group with particular socio-cultural characteristics, but which in turn share the identity of a nation and therefore entitled to some level political participation that allows them to participate in the construction of the destiny of their nation.
However, indigenous groups in Latin America have received from their respective states spaces to build alternative solutions to the problems generated by the neoliberal development model, but rather are seen as an obstacle to progress that must be submitted in order to be exploited. Ethnic self-identification as underlies indigenous communities to demand to be accepted as a group with particular socio-cultural characteristics, but which in turn share the identity of a nation and therefore entitled to some level political participation that allows them to participate in the construction of the destiny of their nation.
Although the Indian panorama in Latin America may seem devastating, we must fix our gaze with a focus on countries with indigenous communities have developed resistance mechanisms that can serve as an example to other oppressed groups in the mundoSin But indigenous groups in Latin America have not received from their respective states spaces for building alternatives to solve the problems generated by the neoliberal development model, but rather are seen as an obstacle to progress that must be subjected to exploitation. Ethnic self-identification as underlies indigenous communities to demand to be accepted as a group with particular socio-cultural characteristics, but which in turn share the identity of a nation and therefore entitled to some level political participation that allows them to participate in the construction of the destiny of their nation.