Synopsis: This
chapter describes Christianity''s intercultural worldwide appeal and encounter with Islam. The chapter assesses the Arab legacy and divergence with a Hellenized Christianity. The religion''s Western and Eastern ascendancy was checked by Islam''s
rise and rapid
expansion.
Axum, and Nubia, which lay on the periphery of Byzantine Alexandria, were subdued and overthrown by Muslim Egypt. Rome and Ethiopia were challenged, but survived. In the East missionary expansion continued apace. The chapter describes the Islamic
enlightenment and effects on Europe. While Europe was in crisis in the centuries of the Crusades, the Islamic world was undergoing a double transformation with creative intellectual development alongside an embattled caliphate facing annihilation at the hands of the Mongols. Like missions and for similar reasons, Europe turned outwards with maritime exploration, conceding the stalemate with Islam. The chapter shows how the rise of the Ottomans failed to bridge the gulf with the West.
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