Post-Enlightenment
thinkers
The
German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche has been said to have taken nearly all
of his political philosophy from Aristotle. However implausible this is,
it is certainly the case that Aristotle's rigid separation of action from
production, and his justification of the subservience of slaves and others to
the virtue – or arete – of a few justified the ideal of aristocracy. It
is Martin Heidegger, not Nietzsche, who elaborated a new interpretation of
Aristotle, intended to warrant his deconstruction of scholastic and
philosophical tradition. More recently, Alasdair MacIntyre has attempted to
reform what he calls the Aristotelian tradition in a way that is anti-elitist
and capable of disputing the claims of both liberals and Nietzscheans.
List
of works
The
works of Aristotle that have survived from antiquity through Mediæval
manuscript transmission are collected in the Corpus Aristotelicum. These texts,
as opposed to Aristotle's lost works, are technical philosophical treatises
from within Aristotle's school. Reference to them is made according to the organization
of Immanuel Bekker's Royal Prussian Academy edition (Aristotelis Opera
edidit Academia Regia Borussica, Berlin, 1831–1870), which in turn is based
on ancient classifications of these works.
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Aristotle's
views on women
Aristotle's analysis of procreation is
frequently criticized on the grounds that it presupposes an active, ensouling
masculine element bringing life to an inert, passive female element; it is on
these grounds that Aristotle is considered by some feminist critics to have
been a misogynist. On the other hand, Aristotle gave equal weight to women's
happiness as he did to men's, and commented in his Rhetoric that a society
cannot be happy unless women are happy too: In places like Sparta where the lot
of women is bad, there can only be half-happiness in society.(see Rhetoric