Durkheim has presented a different perspective of
suicide. To him as suicide is a social action its root cause lies in the
social dis organisation. Thus the
suicide cannot be viewed as an individual action or a personal decision. It is caused by some power, which is over and above human
control. Thus it is super individual in nature. As suicide is the manifestation of complex social conditions, the diagnosis of suicide must take into account the factors that are definitely sociological in origin. According to Durkheim man is under constant influence of physical /ecological factors .He is positively or negatively influenced by these factors and committee suicide. Durkheim's perspective to suicide was not geographical or hereditary in nature. This social action is due to lack of resource availability. this makes a man unhappy as his basic requirements are not fulfilled .At this point of time the seeds of suicide germinates .With lack of social and group support to the cause of suffering of a common person ,the frustration of unachieved goal begins to haunt the individual persona. This leads to commit suicide. Increasing necessity, degeneration of social values, lack of exercises of moral control is few important factors responsible for increasing suicide rates of world. The other factors are, lack of social solidarity, lack of strong socio religious condition and political stability are note worthy. However to Durkheim "The factors for the suicide rate in which he is interested are then to be found in feature of social milieu. Durkheim has pointed out three important types of suicide. These are as follows Egoistic-When a man becomes socialy isolated or feels that he has no place in the society , he destroys himself. Usually those persons, who are concerned with their interests only and have nothing to do with other members of the society commit this type of suicide..The rate is more among unmarried person and deserted persons. Anomic-This is the result of external and unaccepting circumstances which cause extreme frustration to a person. The man being unable to cope with pressure that crops up suddenly commits suicide and lack of social control is the key factor for such drastic step. Altruisic-This type of suicide is somewhat different from the other two types. In this type, man commits suicide knowing that his death would benefit a group or entire nation or of a social cause. This shows the dominance of collective responsibility and group interest over narrow personal goals. This is a value-oriented suicide. The suicide theory of Durkheim is criticized on the ground that it over emphasizes the role of social control and neglects the geographical and hereditary factors. Though Durkheim agrees that suicide is dynamic in nature and the rate varies from country to country and sex to sex, but the reason of such variance is never sought after. It is merely a social action, which is influenced by personal factors and triggered by social dis organization. rudra