GENETIC TRANSGÊNICOS, RESOURCES and ALIMENTARY SECURITY Lavínia Pessanha and John Wilkinson Everything indicates that the debate on the biotechnologies, of which the transgênicos organisms only represents a chapter, came to be. Being thus, deducted the technological determinismo inlaid in the expression, she remains valid the warning: molecular biology still is far to fully explore the potential of the processes and mechanisms that conduct the functioning of the organisms and that they can relieve extremely lucrative technological innovations. In Brazil, where transgênicos they had been introduced and cultivated commercially of illegal form, the Law of Biossegurança, that was approved recently and waits regulation, can have locked up the great legal imbróglio where if they capsize shot the agriculturists and the Brazilian agroindústria. Transgênicos is same object of controversy before if becoming reality. Initially, between the scientists, who had arrived to ask for, in 1974, a moratorium for experiments that involved the virus recombination, whose security could not well be evaluated. But, as the authors point, it was in the second half of the decade of 1990 that the transgênicos had started to inflame the public sphere. Além of the mobilization of the consumers, is distinguished as factor that has contributed for the rise of the quality and the security guard of foods the normatização and the fiscalization for the State, still that recognizes the possibility of concurrent jurisdictions between legislative them, executive and judiciary. In the few chances where it deals with subjects technician more - vegetal improvement and risks to the health and the environment - the used language if it becomes distant of the general public the one that the book aims at. The authors, Lavínia Pessanha and John Wilkinson, are social scientists and are interested parties, first, in showing that where has transgênicos it has discord. according to researchers, "the great controversy that if constraint are referring to the identification, to the precaution and to the mitigação of the risks that such innovations can cause to the health human being and animal, the environment and the control and regulation of the system to agroalimentar". In the first chapter, they deal with the alimentary security respecting the polissemia of the expression, unfolded in four felt: guarantee of offers of foods; guarantee of universal access to foods; guarantee of the nutricional and sanitary quality of foods; the control and the conservation of the genetic base of the system to agroalimentar.
Each one of the directions has different implications for the formularization of public politics. As it approaches the regulation of the transgênicos and the alimentary security, putting to the sample what the authors consider as an increasing "juridificação" of the on social relations to the access and the use of the genetic resources, that had passed of the condition of free and clear properties for the one of private goods of high value. This juridificação nominates the "adensamento of the positive law in the modern society, institutionalizing and regulating the conflicts social, in a process of successive and cumulative waves of the legal normatização for which the social relations increasingly would be regulated by the State". The third chapter deals with a aspect that, in comparison with the rotulagem, has received lesser attention: ` realinhamento of the system to agroalimentar '', that it includes, beyond the rotulagem norms, the initiatives of preservation of the identity, segregation and rastreabilidade of foods, as well as the rise of costs that this realinhamento can excite. The authors contextualizam, explain the terms and the expressions, enumerate the involved actors and the transatlantic cultural differences. Also they describe as these new necessities if they had reflected in the implantation, in companies of diverse countries, national and transnational, mechanisms of tracking and identification of the origin of foods. As they leave clearly, Brazil is capable to explore all the possibilities (organic, conventional and transgênicos), since that it defines with clarity its strategical choice and its politics to deal with this new market